In order to supply the single-phase locomotive load and mitigate the negative sequence current, this paper develops a V/V transformer-based connection and control strategy of three-phase photovoltaic (PV) converters integrated into railway traction power supply systems.In this V/V transformer-based connection, the two-phase traction voltage is conv

The growing requirement imposed by dam safety regulations and guidelines necessitates the improvement and rehabilitation of rockfill embankment dams.These hydraulic structures are of great importance, and they can be subjected to overtopping flows which can significantly compromise the structural integrity.One of the defense mechanisms utilized is

Headwater streams contribute a significant proportion of the total flow to many river systems, especially during summer low-flow periods.However, despite their importance, the time taken for water to travel through headwater catchments and PPE into the streams (the transit time) is poorly understood.Here, 3H activities of stream water are used to d